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The MSRP for a Ferrari 430 is $186,925(£150,000) to $217,310(£189,000) in the United States,£118,500 in the United Kingdom,approximately€175,000 in the European Union and $389,000 for the base model to $450,000 for the Spider F1 in Australia.

The F430 features a 4.3L V8 petrol engine derived from a shared Ferrari/Maserati design. This new power plant is a significant departure for Ferrari: all previous Ferrari V8s were descendants of the Dino racing program of the 1950s. This fifty year development cycle came to an end with the entirely new 4.3L, the architecture of which is expected to replace the Dino-derived V12 in most other Ferrari cars. 

The engine's output specifications are: 490 PS (360 kW; 483 hp) at 8500 rpm and 465 N·m (343 lb·ft) of torque at 5250 rpm, 80% of which is available below 3500rpm. Despite a 20% increase in displacement, engine weight had grown by only 4 kg and engine dimensions have decreased, for easier packaging. The conrods, pistons and crankshaft are all entirely new, the four-valve cylinder head, valve heads and intake trumpets directly takes measurements from F1 engines, for better volumetric efficiency. The F430 has a top speed of 196 mph (315 km/h).Ferrari also claims the car sprints from 0 to 62 mph (100 km/h) in 4.0 seconds, 0.3 seconds quicker than the old model.

The brakes on the F430 were designed in close collaboration with Brembo. The result has been a new cast-iron alloy for the discs. The new alloy includes molybdenum which has better heat dissipation performance. Another option Ferrari is providing are Carbon fibre-reinforced Silicon Carbide(C/SiC) ceramic composite discs. Ceramics have much higher resistance to heat and brake fade than metals, the F430's brakes offer not only good performance but also a longer lifespan. Ferrari claims the brakes will not fade even after 300-360 laps at their test track.

The F430 includes the E-Diff, a computer-controlled limited slip active differential which can vary the distribution of torque based on inputs such as steering angle and lateral acceleration.

Other notable features include the first application of Ferrari's manettino steering wheel-mounted control knob. Drivers can select from five different settings which modify the vehicle's ESC system, "Skyhook" electronic suspension, transmission behavior, throttle response, and E-Diff. The feature is similar to Land Rover's "Terrain Response" system.

The Ferrari F430 was also released with exclusive Goodyear Eagle F1 GSD3 EMT tires, which have a striking V-shaped tread design, run-flat capability, and OneTRED technology.

In the US the company requested an exemption from the airbag design requirements, which was eventually granted, allowing the car to continue to be sold in the US.